Coronary artery calcium score and risk classification for coronary heart disease prediction in python

 

Coronary artery calcium score and risk classification for coronary heart disease prediction

 PROJECT ID: PYTHON05

 

PROJECT NAME: Coronary artery calcium score and risk classification for coronary heart disease prediction

 

PROJECT CATEGORY: MCA / BCA / BCCA / MCM / POLY / ENGINEERING

 

PROJECT ABSTRACT:

The coronary artery calcium score (CACS) has been shown in large prospective studies to be associated with the risk of future cardiovascular events.1-4 Recent data from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), a population-based cohort of individuals without known cardiovascular disease, found that a CACS > 300 was associated with a hazard ratio for future coronary heart disease (CHD) events of nearly 10.4 In addition, including CACS in a prediction model based on traditional risk factors significantly improved the prediction of future CHD events.

While these findings clearly demonstrated strong statistical association of CACS with cardiovascular risk, assessing the clinical value of new markers in risk prediction requires assessment of several additional measures.5 Further investigation should evaluate how closely the predicted probabilities of risk using the new marker reflect observed risk. In addition, Pencina et al recently introduced the concept of “net reclassification improvement” (NRI) which measures the extent to which people with and without events are appropriately reclassified into clinically accepted higher or lower risk categories with the addition of a new marker.6 The NRI therefore provides a method of quantifying the enhancement in clinically useful risk estimation when a novel marker is added to a standard risk prediction model. This new approach is rapidly being accepted as an important method for evaluating the clinical utility of new risk markers

Study participants

The study design for MESA has been published elsewhere.9 In brief, MESA is a prospective cohort study of 6,814 people between the ages of 45 and 84 without known cardiovascular disease. Participants were recruited from July 2000 through September 2002, and identified themselves as white (38%), black (28%), Hispanic (22%), or Chinese (12%) at the time of enrollment. The study was approved by the institutional review boards of each site, and all participants gave written informed consent.

Measurement of CACS

Carr et al. have reported the details of the MESA CT scanning and interpretation methods.10 Scanning centers assessed coronary calcium by chest CT with either a cardiac-gated electron-beam CT scanner (Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York Field Centers) or a multidetector CT system (Baltimore, Forsyth County, and St. Paul Field Centers). Certified technologists scanned all participants twice over phantoms of known physical calcium concentration. A radiologist or cardiologist read all CT scans at a central reading center (Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor–UCLA in Torrance, California). We used the average Agatston score for the 2 scans in all analyses.11 Intraobserver and interobserver agreements were excellent (kappa statistics, 0.93 and 0.90, respectively). The participants were told either that they had no coronary calcification or that the amount was less than average, average, or greater than average and that they should discuss the results with their physicians.

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS:

OS                                : Windows

Python IDE                  : Python 2.7.x and above

Language                             : Python Programming

Database                             : MYSQL

 

HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS:

 RAM                :  4GB and Higher

Processor          :  Intel i3 and above

Hard Disk         : 500GB Minimum

 

CONCLUSION

The results of this study demonstrate that when CACS is added to traditional risk factors it results in a significant improvement in the classification of risk for the prediction of CHD events in an asymptomatic population-based sample of men and women drawn from four U.S. ethnic groups. Our results highlight improvements in risk classification when utilizing CACS. Incorporation of an individual’s CACS leads to a more refined estimation of future risk for CHD events than traditional risk factors alone. The intermediate risk group achieved a substantially higher NRI than the overall cohort, and therefore appear to benefit the most from a CACS-adjusted strategy. This study provides strong evidence that there may be a significant amount of clinically useful reclassification when CACS is added to risk assessment in asymptomatic intermediate risk patients.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

·        Title Page      

·        Declaration

·        Certification Page

·        Dedication

·        Acknowledgements

·        Table of Contents

·        List of Tables

·        Abstract

 

CHAPTER SCHEME

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER TWO: OBJECTIVES

CHAPTER THREE: PRELIMINARY SYSTEM ANALYSIS

·         Preliminary Investigation

·         Present System in Use

·         Flaws In Present System

·         Need Of New System

·         Feasibility Study

·         Project  Category

CHAPTER FOUR: SOFTWARE ENGINEERING AND PARADIGM APPLIED   

·         Modules

·         System / Module Chart

CHAPTER FIVE: SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE REQUIREMENT

CHAPTER SIX: DETAIL SYSTEM ANALYSIS

·         Data Flow Diagram

·         Number of modules and Process Logic

·         Data Structures  and Tables

·         Entity- Relationship Diagram

·         System Design

·         Form Design 

·         Source Code

·         Input Screen and Output Screen

CHAPTER SEVEN: TESTING AND VALIDATION CHECK

CHAPTER EIGHT: SYSTEM SECURITY MEASURES

CHAPTER NINE: IMPLEMENTATION, EVALUATION & MAINTENANCE

CHAPTER TEN: FUTURE SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

CHAPTER ELEVEN: SUGGESTION AND CONCLUSION

CHAPTER TWELE: BIBLIOGRAPHY& REFERENCES          

Other Information

 

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PROJECT REPORT PAGE	60 -80 Pages
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PROJECT COST	1500/- Only
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PROJECT WITH SPIRAL BINDING	1750/- Only
PROJECT WITH HARD BINDING	1850/- Only
TOTAL COST (SYNOPSIS, SOFTCOPY, HARDBOOK, and SOFTWARE, PPT)	2500/- Only
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